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Edgework:The Application of Concept of Voluntary Risk Taking on Recreational Drug Use
Boušková, Kateřina ; Kyselá, Eva (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the work was to introduce Stepheen Lyng's concept of voluntary risk-taking called edgework, and to find a different answer to the question, why in postmodern society individuals need to excite emotions elicited by edgework activities such as recreational drug use. Thesis thus explains what is the cause of the need to excite such edgework elicit emotions. Stephen Lyng based his concept on the synthesis of Marx and Mead, the so-called macro and micro levels of social structures, in which individuals are frustrated by work and seek their own self through extreme leisure activities. From the viewpoint of Gilles Lipovetsky, these activities can be perceived as part of individualistic hedonism. Individuals lose their own identity in a consumer society and try to find their own self through the need of satisfaction of their ego, the sense of pleasure and affluence. It is the edgework activity of recreational drug use, which helps individuals to satisfy all of these needs. Upon this very activity we can demonstrate the consequences of the consumer society. From the point of view of Gilles Lipovetsky, the voluntary risk taking then may not be a question of choice but the necessity.
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Edgework:The Application of Concept of Voluntary Risk Taking on Recreational Drug Use
Boušková, Kateřina ; Kyselá, Eva (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the work was to introduce Stepheen Lyng's concept of voluntary risk-taking called edgework, and to find a different answer to the question, why in postmodern society individuals need to excite emotions elicited by edgework activities such as recreational drug use. Thesis thus explains what is the cause of the need to excite such edgework elicit emotions. Stephen Lyng based his concept on the synthesis of Marx and Mead, the so-called macro and micro levels of social structures, in which individuals are frustrated by work and seek their own self through extreme leisure activities. From the viewpoint of Gilles Lipovetsky, these activities can be perceived as part of individualistic hedonism. Individuals lose their own identity in a consumer society and try to find their own self through the need of satisfaction of their ego, the sense of pleasure and affluence. It is the edgework activity of recreational drug use, which helps individuals to satisfy all of these needs. Upon this very activity we can demonstrate the consequences of the consumer society. From the point of view of Gilles Lipovetsky, the voluntary risk taking then may not be a question of choice but the necessity.
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Management Board Composition of Banking Institutions and Bank Risk-Taking: The Case of the Czech Republic
Žigraiová, Diana
The paper investigates how the management board composition of banking institutions affects their risk-taking behavior in the Czech Republic. More specifically, we examine the effect of average director age, the proportion of female directors, the proportion of non-national directors, and director education level on four different bank risk proxies. We build a unique data set comprising selected biographical information on the management board members of Czech financial institutions holding a banking license over the 2001–2012 period. Our most robust finding is that higher proportions of non-national directors increase bank risk as measured by profit volatility and reduce bank stability as captured by the Z-score for the Czech banking sector overall and for the segments of general commercial banks, small and mid-sized banks and adequately capitalized banks. Moreover, we also detect risk-increasing implications of board size for the segments of building societies and small and mid-sized banks. As for average board tenure, its effect on risk-taking varies depending on bank characteristics. We find mixed evidence on the effect of female directors and do not find any strong effect of directors’ age on risk in the Czech banking sector. All in all, the results of our analysis are subject to the proxy of bank risk used. The reader should keep in mind that higher absolute level of bank risk is not necessarily unfavorable as it does not capture if risk-taking behavior is excessive for a given return.
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